Tuesday, January 27, 2015

Legalize Cocaine: The Real Way To End Drug War Violence In Colombia

from dailycaller


Colombian soldiers stand guard at a street in Caloto February 6, 2014. REUTERS/Jaime Saldarriaga



Why does the United States insist on exporting violence to developing countries? Is it because our politicians pay little price for the human toll exacted by our failed social policies? Some 5.5 million American consumers seem determined to satisfy their appetite for cocaine regardless of the law, according to the 2014 UN World Drug Report. Meanwhile, the overwhelming majority of our 535 Members of Congress continue to believe they can end that market by doubling down on a war on drugs that includes sending heavy weapons and billions of dollars to client governments — many of them corrupt — to kill the people working to meet that demand.
Human Rights Watch estimates that 200,000 Colombians have died in drug war related violence. 60,000 have died in Mexico in the last eight years alone, a transit country our policies have transformed into a war zone. Perhaps the carnage could be justified if the four decades long war on drugs was working to protect Americans from the folly of their own consumption choices. But there is no evidence for this. Year after year we fill our jails, Colombians fill their graves, and nothing seems to change. America’s entrenched duopoly political system seems hell-bent on continuing — and even escalating — this failed war.
Thankfully, some of its victims are beginning to take matters into their own hands, seeking to opt out of the battle. ¡Verdad! (Spanish for “truth”) is a coalition of Colombian citizens working together to end the violence created by the drug war in Colombia. I had a chance to interview its soft-spoken founder, Daniel Raisbeck, at the recent 2015 Antigua Forum in Guatemala. (You can listen to the interview on YouTube here or download it from iTunes here.)
Raisbeck is an unlikely warrior. A thirtysomething professor of Latin and Greek classics, he grew up in Bogota during the reign of the infamous Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar. One of his family members was killed in a botched airline bombing targeting a prominent Colombian politician. Since then the Medellin Cartel was supplanted by the Cali Cartel, which has been supplanted by the FARC in a never ending economic cycle under which insatiable demand will always find a supply. Ironically, and perfectly underscoring the hypocrisy of America’s war on drugs, he was introduced to marijuana as a high school student by the children of American DEA agents stationed in Bogota!
Though not a pot smoker himself, Raisbeck sees hope in the recent trend of certain American states to end drug prohibition, at least for marijuana. “The general trend in both the U.S. and Europe seems to be moving away from prohibition,” he says. And though he recognizes that cocaine is both more dangerous and more addictive, he is tired of seeing his countrymen die in a fruitless effort to stamp it out.
“The entire drug war is based on hypocrisy, it’s based on a lie,” states Raisbeck. “It’s based on the lie that if you try to attack the production of coca leaf and cocaine you can drive the prices up to a point where people in the United States or Europe will stop buying it. This has absolutely failed.”
Raisbeck hopes to create a “Big Tent” coalition that can work together to legalize the cultivation, processing, and export of cocaine in Colombia. He is actively seeking advisory board members from the current government, opposition politicians, the clergy, farmers, academia, the press, mothers who have lost children to the drug war, bankers seeking to legitimize this sector of the economy, and even the FARC. “We don’t have to agree on everything. We just have to agree to end drug violence, if we take appropriate steps.”

Friday, January 23, 2015

Legalized marijuana might be the best thing to ever happen to heroin addicts

from qz.com


4 hours ago
In the 1930s, Harry J. Anslinger, the first head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, embarked on a fierce anti-marijuana campaign. Highlighted by the 1936 anti-marijuana film Reefer Madness—where marijuana is depicted as a dangerous narcotic that makes good kids become sex-crazed killers—his propaganda efforts also maliciously linked marijuana use to African Americans and ethnic minorities.

By 1970, legislation codified cannabis as one of the nation’s most dangerous drugs: the Controlled Substance Act classified marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug, meaning it possessed high potential for abuse and had no acceptable medical use. Over 40 years later, the classification remains.

But research has shown that marijuana, while still criminalized at the federal level, can be effective as a substitute for treating opioid addictsand preventing overdoses. Massachusetts, which recently legalized medical marijuana—and where heroin overdoses have soared—could be a fertile testing ground for this potentially controversial treatment.

The medical case for marijuana

Before being criminalized, marijuana was used in the US to cure depression and a variety of other mental health ailments. Many studies have supported the therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids, along with the ability of marijuana’s psychoactive ingredients to treat nausea, help with weight loss, alleviate chronic pain, and mitigate symptoms of neurological diseases.

Other research, however, contradicts claims regarding the benefits of cannabidiol treatment. Some say marijuana actually poses a risk for psychosis and schizophrenia. Although the FDA has approved some synthetic cannabinoids for medical treatment, federal agencies do not support marijuana as a legitimate medicine until more clinical studieshave been conducted.

The scientific debate over the harms and benefits of marijuana has impeded federal lawmakers from moving forward on marijuana legislation reform. As a result, in 23 states, medical marijuana has become legalized by popular vote.

Marijuana policy dilemma

With each state crafting unique medical marijuana regulations, we find ourselves at a crucial turning point in drug policy. Public health professionals claim the road map used by “big tobacco” will be copied with legal marijuana, and addiction rates for marijuana will increase to those we see for tobacco. Others warn that if medical marijuana is used indiscriminately and without focused education on the uses and forms of medical marijuana, a prescription pain pill-like crisis could occur.

Among drug treatment specialists, marijuana remains controversial. Although some research has shown marijuana to be an alternative treatment for more serious drug addiction, addiction treatment specialists still view marijuana as highly addictive and dangerous. These views handicap policy reform, but despite its status as a Schedule 1 drug, recent research shows marijuana could be part of the solution to the most deadly drug epidemic our country has seen in decades.

Massachusetts: a case study

In 2012 Massachusetts became the 18th state to legalize medical marijuana, though the first 11 dispensaries are not scheduled to open until sometime in the coming year. This situation presents an opportunity to implement sensible, research-based policy.

Massachusetts, like many states across the US, has seen a dramatic rise in opioid addition fueled by the increase in opiate prescription pills. In Boston, heroin overdoses increased by 80% between 2010 and 2012, and four out of five users were addicted to pain pills before turning to heroin.

Meanwhile, the leading cause of death among the Boston’s homeless population has shifted from AIDS complications to drug overdoses, with opiates involved in 81% of overdose deaths. This is an alarming finding given recent expansion in clinical services for the city’s homeless.

Addiction specialists and health care professionals in Boston have been at the forefront of integrating behavioral and medical care. Naloxone and methadone are currently the main solutions to address the growing opiate addiction and overdose problem. But Naloxone is an overdose antidote, not a cure or a form of preventative therapy.

Methadone, like heroin and other opioids, has a very narrow therapeutic index (the ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a drug). This means that a small change in dosage can be lethal to the user. Marijuana, however, has one of the safest (widest) therapeutic ratios of all drugs.

Research shows that marijuana has been used as a form of self-treatment, where users take cannabis in lieu of alcohol, prescription opiates, and illegal drugs. That’s one reason why researchers are calling for marijuana to be tested as a substitute for other drugs. In this capacity, marijuana can be thought of as a form of harm reduction. While researchers don’t seek to discount some of the drug’s potential negative effects, they view it as a less damaging alternative to other, harder drugs. Despite these findings, marijuana is rarely incorporated in formal drug treatment plans.

A recent study might change this policy. Comparing states with and without legalized medical marijuana, it found a substantial decrease in opioid (heroin and prescription pill) overdose death rates in states that had enacted medical marijuana laws. In their conclusions, the researchers suggested that medical marijuana should be part of policy aimed to prevent opioid overdose.

Outside marijuana’s harms and benefits, missing in this discussion is the social environment of drug use. Drug use is social in nature. Where and with whom drugs are used influences why and how they are used. Socially acceptable or moderate use of drugs can be learned through social rituals in socially controlled settings.

Studies in the Netherlands found that using marijuana in Amsterdam coffeehouses encouraged a “stepping-off” hard drug use. These studies also found that when young people used marijuana in a controlled coffeehouse setting instead of a polydrug-using environment, they learned to use marijuana moderately without combining with other drugs. Along with providing access to marijuana, it’s important to instruct users on safe and effective medical marijuana consumption.

Since Massachusetts has not yet opened its medical marijuana dispensaries, it is too early to see if medical marijuana legislation will help reduce opiate addiction in the Commonwealth. Using recent research findings, Massachusetts policymakers have a unique opportunity to implement medical marijuana policies that address its contemporary opiate overdose. Medical marijuana could be part of drug treatment for heroin and opiates.

For homeless people, however, getting a marijuana card is expensive and buying medical marijuana from a dispensary is beyond their economic means. Street drugs are more prevalent in their social setting, easier to obtain, and can be much cheaper. From a policy perspective, addressing the alarming rates of overdose deaths among the homeless in Boston could mean distributing medical marijuana cards to homeless addicts for free and providing reduced cost medical marijuana.

Formerly demonized and later legislated as a Schedule 1 substance, marijuana could diminish the damage wrought by harder drugs, like heroin. While opioid use is a nationwide epidemic, Massachusetts—long at the forefront of developing scientifically based public policy—has the opportunity to be at the forefront of cutting-edge, socially-informed drug policy.

The ConversationThis post originally appeared at The Conversation. Follow@US_conversation on Twitter. We welcome your comments atideas@qz.com.

Tuesday, January 20, 2015

'Mortal Kombat' Actor Darren Shahlavi Dead of Apparent Overdose

from tmz



'Mortal Kombat' Actor

Darren Shahlavi

Dead of Apparent Overdose

1/20/2015 2:18 PM PST BY TMZ STAFF
Exclusive Details
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Darren Shahlavi, who appeared in popular TV shows including "Mortal KombatLegacy" and "Arrow," died of an apparent overdose ... TMZ has learned.

Shahlavi was found dead January 14 at his L.A. home and law enforcement sources tell us ... it appears he overdosed on prescription meds.

We're told the 42-year-old actor sadly had a history of drug and alcohol abuse.

He pursued a stunt career in Hong Kong in the '90s and eventually came to the U.S. to pursue acting.

In addition to the various shows, Shahlavi starred in the 2012 TV movie "Aladdin and the Death Lamp." He also had a classic fight scene in the cult movie "Ip Man 2."

We're told the L.A. County Coroner is conducting toxicology tests before determining the exact cause of death.

"Arrow" star Stephen Amell -- who fought Darren on the show's first episode -- called him a "great dude & a patient, thougtful partner."

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Read more: http://www.tmz.com/2015/01/20/darren-shahlavi-dead-dies-mortal-kombat-overdose-drugs/#ixzz3PPjSSHVO



Monday, January 19, 2015

Founders Fund joins $75 million investment in cannabis company

from fortune.com

 


 Forbes Staff

Legal Marijuana Co. Privateer Holdings Scores Millions From Peter Thiel's Founders Fund




Brendan Kennedy bristles when you ask him if smoking pot recreationally is still a stigma in the American workplace. In fact, he says that moment passed two or three years ago, as the majority of Americans now support legalizing marijuana, and even more approve its medicinal use.
“Anyone who wants to consume is already consuming it,” Kennedy says.
So what’s Kennedy smoking? As cofounder and CEO of Privateer Holdings, he’s poised to cash in on that trend in a big way, tapping a market that he believes is worth $50 billion in the United States and four times that worldwide. And now with major institutional venture backing, he’s hoping to blaze a trail in making legal, legitimate bucks off that trend.
Privateer Holdings, a private equity firm with three major distinct investments in the legal cannabis space, announced Thursday that it’s raised millions from its first major institutional investor, Founders Fund, as part of an ongoing Series B Round. The firm led by billionaire Peter Thiel has invested undisclosed millions but isn’t leading the round, which will total $75 million between a $60 million raise and a $15 million convertible debt note. That brings the company’s total funding to date to $82 million, the rest of it from earlier wealthy individuals and family offices.
The deal confirms intentions Kennedy made clear in an interview with Fortunein July, when he announced intentions to bring an institutional investor onboard. In December, Business Insider reported the deal could value the company at more than $400 million.
With the investment, Thiel’s Founders Fund has taken up the mantle of first venture firm into the legal pot market. According to partner Geoff Lewis, who led the investment, the diligence on Privateer lasted 18 months–as much as it took to study SpaceX, the company’s big bet on Elon Musk’s space-flight operation.
Privateer primarily operates three fully-owned subsidiaries touching different points in the cannabis industry. In Canada, it operates Tilray, a medical marijuana brand grown and processed in British Columbia and potentially soon Uruguay. In the United States, where the cannabis industry operates in more of a grey area between federal and state regulations, it operates Leafly, an online site for cannabis-related reviews and stores that Kennedy says gets 4 million visitors a month. Most recently, the company partnered with the family of famed performer Bob Marley on lifestyle brand Marley Natural, a 30-year licensing deal to offer Jamaican cannabis strains and hemp-infused products starting later this year.
Privateer and Founders Fund are betting that the marijuana industry in the United States now has the popular support to be ripe for a new wave of trusted major brands. “This will shake out similar to the alcohol industry or the soft drink industry, where economies of scale are very important,” argues Lewis. You want to have first-move advantage, and i think it will be aggregated to just a handful of companies.”

Part of a Silicon Valley Bank Analytics and Yale School of Management-trained founding team, Kennedy’s hoping that he has a head start through Privateer’s $25 million production facility for Tilray and the additional operations the firm can set up with after its new funding closes. The company also hopes that the Founders Fund investment will lower the bar for more large financial institutions to make their own bets in the burgeoning field. “This announcement will give a lot of people in finance permission to look at this industry,” Kennedy says.
As for Founders Fund, Thiel made headlines in Sept. when he joked on CNBC that Twitter’s executives might be smoking too much pot to run an effective company. At the time, outlets like the Wall Street Journal noted that the billionaire’s donated thousands to political efforts to legalize marijuana in California in the past. That could have been out of personal preference–or recognition of a major future business opportunity. Lewis says the uproar Thiel’s comments made demonstrates hypocrisy that won’t last. “There’s something off with our society that that becomes a controversial thing. If Peter had said drinking too much scotch, I don’t think that comment would have made a blip.”
Changing perceptions–clearly gradual at best–could mean more money for early movers. But Lewis says Founders Fund steered clear of startups that operated illegally in the past or seemed too opportunistic in approaching legalized marijuana as a gold rush. As much as Kennedy argues the U.S. is moving from prohibition to legalization and normalization, it’s still perhaps fitting that the opinionated Thiel and his free-thinking partners are the first investors to publicly put their name behind a pot operation.
As for Founders Fund’s reputation becoming obscured by a cloud of smoke: Lewis blows that notion away. “We don’t worry what people think about us,” he puffs. The goal, more than ever for venture investors and private equity alike: roll in the green.
Follow Alex on ForbesTwitter and Facebook for more coverage of startups, enterprise software and venture capital.


Is 1 Drug Really Outselling Legalized Marijuana?

from fool.com


By  | More Articles 

Source: Flickr via user Mark.
Legalized marijuana has taken the investing world by storm. According to Arcview Market Research, the industry generated $1.53 billion in revenues in 2013, and early estimates have this number jumping to $2.5 billion in 2014-- a remarkable 40% growth rate year over year.
With 23 states now having decriminalized marijuana for medical purposes, the industry is poised to become one of the fastest-growing industries of all time. Investors have thus plowed into so-called marijuana stocks with gusto, causing share prices to skyrocket.
Last year, for instance, the medical marijuana distribution company Medbox (NASDAQOTH:MDBX  )  saw its share price rip higher by a jaw-dropping 612% in only a few short days. 
And GW Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: GWPH  ) , the medical cannabis company and maker of Sativex, indicated for multiple sclerosis spasticity, has also benefited greatly from the general marijuana craze, with its shares gaining nearly 1,000% within a mere 10-month span at one point.
Since then, the reality and hardships of commercializing a product that is still illegal at the federal level have kicked in, causing these two bellwether marijuana stocks to pull back in a huge way from their former highs.
Even so, legal marijuana advocates believe these and similar companies will eventually become stable long-term investments.
Legal cannabis has a long way to go to even touch this single drug
While investor enthusiasm for marijuana stocks might be warranted over the long haul, I think it's important to understand the current place of these stocks within the broader health care sector.
Source: AbbVie.
To do so, let's consider how the entire industry fares against a single drug -- namely, AbbVie's (NYSE: ABBV  ) Humira. In 2013, this anti-inflammatory drug became the world's best-selling drug by posting over $11 billion in sales and growth rates that have regularly exceeded a staggering 15%.
Even with the launch of Gilead Sciences' (NASDAQ: GILD  ) behemoth hepatitis C drug Sovaldi, Humira should still top the list of best-selling drugs in 2014. According to AbbVie's third-quarter earnings release, Humira was on track to generate $13 billion in total sales last year, with the final numbers to be released in the upcoming fourth-quarter earnings.
This single pharmaceutical is thus estimated to have sold more than five times the entire legalized marijuana industry last year.
With AbbVie in hot pursuit of additional indications for Humira, including gaining one more recently in pediatric Crohn's disease, Humira's incredible growth story is far from finished. In fact, legalized marijuana probably won't stand a chance of generating more revenue than Humira until 2018, at which point the combination of the potential loss of patent protection for Humira and the marijuana industry's organic growth could turn the tables. 
Here's the broader point
Investors looking to catch the next "big thing" in marijuana stocks should consider a few critical issues before diving into these highly speculative companies. First off, marijuana companies have proven to be extremely volatile investing vehicles because of the uncertain nature of the industry's legal basis going forward.
Federal agencies, such as the DEA, are still raiding marijuana dispensaries in states that have decriminalized such businesses, and the incoming Congress looks decidedly more conservative than its predecessors in terms of potentially legalizing marijuana at the federal level. Put simply, the hazy legality of marijuana may act like a governor on the industry's growth rate, especially in this shifting political climate.
Investors seeking outsized gains certainly haven't necessarily had to rely on risky marijuana stocks. AbbVie's shares, for example, have steadily marched northward since the company split from Abbott Laboratories in 2013:
ABBV Chart
AbbVie has also raised its dividend twice within the past year and will probably do so again in 2015, as it ramps up its hepatitis C therapy Viekira Pak.
If you bought in right after the split and reinvested the dividends, this seemingly boring health care stock would have more than doubled your money -- all the while having nowhere near the level of volatility seen in marijuana stocks.
They may not make you rich overnight, but dividend-paying companies such as AbbVie are proven long-term winners. Marijuana stocks, on the other hand, are likely to see more volatility as the legal process unfolds and simply don't offer a straightforward path toward wealth creation.